The mushrooms
Pine boletes (Boletus pinophilus Pilàt & Dermek)
BOLETACEAE
Edible
The mushroom cap, red-brown coloured, is wide up to 30 cm of diameter, slimy when young and with humid weather; then it becomes drier. The lower part of the mushroom cap shows the pores that are white at first, then yellow and in the end green when it is ripe. The stem is bulbous, ochraceous coloured. It lives in the fir woods and in the forests of broadleaved; it appears in the late autumn.
The green-cracking russula (Russula virescens (Schaeff.) Fr.)
RUSSULACEAE
Edible
The term “virescens” recalls the greenish colour of the mushroom cap, that has a flat-wavy shape and diameter of 5-15 cm. The cuticle appears cracked, with green or green-yellowish plaques. The lamellas are cream-coloured and the spore print is white. The stem is more or less cylindrical, white or hazelnut coloured. It is found in the undergrowth of broadleaves like oaks, chestnuts and beech trees, between summer and autumn.
The death cap (Amanita phalloides (Fr.: Fr.) Link)
AMANITACEAE
Deadly poisonous
The mushroom cap is olive grey-green coloured or yellowish with a diameter of 6-15 cm. The whitish stem is 6-14 cm tall. It has a wide white volva detached from the base of the stem, and the white ring fall off when ripe, and so sometimes there is no ring in the adults; there are also on the cap the white residuals of the general veil. The stem is slender, cylindrical, with bulbous base. It appears in autumn in the forests of broadleaves and rarely in the forests of conifers.
It can be confused with the green-cracking russula, and with the Caesar’s mushroom at the stage of ovule (Caesar's mushroom, coconut), and so it is highly recommended the collection of mushrooms at the stage of ovules.
The girolle (Cantharellus cibarius Fr.: Fr.)
CANTHARELLACEAE
Edible
It is golden yellow coloured in all its parts, it has a typical fruity scent. At his complete development, it has a funnel-shaped and irregular hat, with smooth and dried cuticle. The lower part of the cap has big reticular folds, that are present on the stem. It grows in groups in the forests of conifers and broadleaves; it appears between summer and autumn.
The lurid bolete (Boletus luridus Schaeff.: Fr.)
BOLETACEAE
Edible
The cap is light brown, with the diameter of 15-20 cm, with a broadly hemispherical form and velvet surface. In the lower part there are the tubules, yellow-greenish coloured that change colour to light blue to the touch. The stem is ochraceous yellowish, stained red in the lower part, with an evident red-brown reticule. The flesh is yellowish and it changes colour to the blue after the cut.
The panther cap (Amanita pantherina (DC.: Fr.) Krombh.)
AMANITACEAE
Poisonous
It appears between summer and autumn in the forests of broadleaves and forests of conifers. The cap is brown-coloured, with the diameter of 6-15 cm, with many white warts. The stem is cylindrical, white, tall up to 15 cm and it has a ring and volva, typically adherent, to form a sort of snug basal ring (“collarium”).